Fiction:Tybusen Intergalactic Allied Federation/Language/Tybusenic

Tybusenic (Tybusenic: Komelang Taibo'sena - Language of the tranquil people) is one of the most widely spoken languages in the and. The traditional cultural language of the Tybusen, it became more widely spoken as a result of the Tybusen leadership of the TIAF, of which it became the state language. It still remains popular today despite losing ground to the more universal Terran English.

Tybusenic is significantly different from any known human language, using different grammatical structures and words (though parts of its system resemble human languages like English, Spanish, and Japanese). This page is a guide to the basic grammar conventions of Tybusenic and basic translation of Tybusenic into English.

History
Tybusenic is an approximately 2500 year-old language that traces its origins to the first tribal Tybusen civilization that arose in 8100 PSY on Tropicana. Like other Janus Sector languages, it was influenced by Terran English, though since the Tybusen civilization was younger and farther away from Novaterra than other Janus civilizations, the influence is considerably reduced. Tybusenic remained the language of the Tybusenian civilization on Tropicana, though other Tybusen languages developed in the other Tybusen civilizations of Tropicana, such as the Amaryuan language of Tybusenia's rival, Amarilliana. Around 0 SY, at the end of the Tybusen Pre-Unification Era, the three superpowers of Tropicana (Tybusenia, Rojama, and Nicara) agreed to use Tybusenic as the sole language of the Tybusen, with heavy modifications made to accommodate the myriad other languages of Tropicana. This is the point where linguists draw the line between Old Tybusenic and New Tybusenic, Old being the original variant spoken by pre-Unification Tybusenians and New being the modern variant spoken in current times.

At the founding of the TIAF in 270 SY, there was no state language established, though the Tybusen insisted on having Tybusenic as a state language if the Tybusen were to be leading the Federation. Tybusenic had little traction outside of the Tybusen Empire during the Genesis Era as many TIAF species did not want to speak the language of a weak member state, though after the Tybusen Comeback at the start of the Galactic Age, Tybusenic gained enough popularity to become the state language of the Federation on an Assembly vote. It became a mandatory language in the education system and served to be a unitary language for the TIAF due to it having some similarities to other Janus languages (due to the common lingual ancestor of Terran English). Later on, during Intergalactic Contact, Tybusenic lost popularity as a language as Terran English was ultimately more functional as a Gigaquadrantic trade language, though Tybusenic's brief decline was turned around in the Twilight Era, when nationalist sentiment in the TIAF spurred citizens to embrace their native language.

Usage
As the creators of the language, the Tybusen are obviously the most proficient at their own language, but over the years, most TIAF species have caught up to the Tybusen in Tybusenic fluency thanks to mandatory Tybusenic education in schools since the Golden Age. Commonwealth States are not obliged to teach Tybusenic, but the nature of their ties with the TIAF tends to pressure them into teaching it anyways. Tybusenic words and grammar, while fairly alien, are not nearly as difficult to learn as some other languages' (like Kicathian or Dracid) since Tybusenic's were influenced by a variant of English. That's not to say Tybusenic is a cakewalk, however; the complexity of some pronunciations and grammar mechanics still easily make learning Tybusenic a challenge for the average English speaker.

There are two main ways of reading Tybusenic. There is the Reisensigouya (literally meaning reading symbols in Tybusenic), which utilizes Tybusenic's twenty-seven unique sigils, which correspond to letters in Latin script. The Reisensigouya also has different commas, hyphens, quotation marks, and semicolons from Latin script. The other method is Romanized Tybusenic (sometimes called Romansigouya), which uses Latin script instead of Reisensigouya sigils. While Reisensigouya sigils and Latin letters have one-to-one equivalence, sigils use slightly different pronunciation than letters do. The Reisensigouya is considered to be much more difficult to read for a non-native speaker, but is linguistically more correct than Romanized. For the purposes of this guide, all words will be spelled out in Romanized, but keep in mind that correct Tybusenic uses sigils; using only Romanized when writing with most native Tybusenic speakers will often earn you a faceful of laughter.

Structure
The actual sentence constructions used by speakers can vary from area to area due to different dialects having different levels of linguistic refinement, but there is a generally accepted standard structure across all of Tybusenic. In it, a subject is presented, followed by the verb that modifies it and then the object of the sentence. The verb tense depends on the subject.
 * Standard sentence structure

(Subject) (verb+tense) (Object) Eif lupio digedifa eim hatsch. A wolf eats a rabbit.

Another kind of sentence reverses this syntax, placing the object first and the subject last. A sentence like this is called a object participle sentence since it involves the verb relating the object and subject by means of a participle adjective. Sentences like these generally have slightly different meanings than the same sentence in the standard syntax though are considered similar enough to be interchangeable (like the concept of active voice vs. passive voice or antimetabole in English).

(Object) (verb+tense+participle) (conjunction) (Subject) Eim hatsch nalagama digedilierol tojof eif lupio. A rabbit is eaten by a wolf.

Nouns have two states which determine the form of the verbs and adjectives which modify it: number and gender. Number states, like in English, are singular and plural, and refer to how many individual things that make up the subject. In Tybusenic, the noun and article associated with it can be modified to reflect whether the noun is singular or plural. Singular nouns have no modifications, while plural nouns have an -a suffix added to the end of the base word. A singular article also has no modifications, while a plural article has an al- prefix attached to the beginning of the base article.
 * Noun mechanics

Lif lupio digedifa eim hatsch. The wolf eats a rabbit.

Allif lupioa digedimasas aleim hatscha. The wolves eat some rabbits.

Nouns that already end in an a have an irregular modification in the plural state; they instead add -ea as the ending instead of -a. Nouns that end in -aa do not differ between the singular and plural state, though the article will still be modified to reflect the difference.

Allim bushaea atticcamasas li rookoun. The knights defend the castle.

Allim tokeaa senamasas kuro li rookoun. The lords live in the castle.

There are three gender states for nouns in Tybusenic: masculine, feminine, and no-gender. A given noun has a fixed gender in all situations unless it is explicitly assigned a different gender beforehand. Since a noun will not change to reflect gender, the gender of a noun is reflected in the article. No-gender articles have no modifications, while a masculine article will have a -m suffix and a feminine article will have a -f suffix.

Eim mateor io eif fariar reisemasas ei toskreise. A man and a woman read a book.

Like nouns, adjectives have two states which are determined by the noun and determine how the adjective itself is modified: gender and number. The three gender states, masculine, feminine, or no-gender, are assigned to the adjective according to the gender of the noun it is modifying. A masculine adjective has the suffix -mans, a feminine adjective has the suffix -fans, and a no-gender adjective has the subject -arans. Adjectives can be directly attached to the noun they modify using an apostrophe. Adjectives always follow a noun when they are directly attached to a noun.
 * Adjective mechanics

Hachi-sanaero lagama eim hatsch'azolamans, Tau-sanaero lagafa eif Kicath'elauvfans, io eif mari lagara ei acuat'abasisarans. Hachi is a blue rabbit, Tau is a tall Kicath, and an ocean is a deep (body of) water.

Plural adjectives simply add -a to the end of the gender-modified adjective, similarly to nouns.

Allim atayoria di Hachi-sanaero lagamomasi hatscha'azolamansa. The children of Hachi would be blue rabbits.

Adjectives that already end in a have an irregular no-gender form. Instead of using -arans and -aransa, they use -erans and -eransa.

Masa lagamasas bushaea'corgelcaeransas. They are brave knights.

Adjectives that are indirectly connected to the noun (via the auxiliary "to be" verbs) as well as numerical adjectives (such as "one", "many", "all") are not conjugated and are left in their base forms. Numerical adjectives also do not need to trail the noun nor be connected to it by an apostrophe, and are typically put in front of the noun.

Lif mari lagafa azola. The sea is blue. Tero mateora lagamasas consutadoileral solero. All men are created equal.

Tenses
All verbs in Tybusenic end in one of the four suffixes -an, -en, -in, or -on, without exception. Each different suffix has a completely separate set of verb conjugations, meaning for every tense in Tybusenic, there are four sets of conjugation to go with it. Every set contains nine different conjugations based on the subject of the verb. There are 11 major tenses recognized in Tybusenic: present, past, future, present progressive, past progressive, future progressive, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, imperative, and conditional.

Each set for each tense contains nine conjugations, based on the subject and named after the appropriate pronoun:

(Note that there is no third-person feminine plural; even if a group of subjects are all female, the masa conjugation is still used.)

Conjugations
Present= Present tense in Tybusenic is used to describe actions that occur in the present or describe the present state of things.
 * Present tense

Past= Past tense in Tybusenic is used to describe actions that occurred in the past or to describe situations in the past. The past tense and imperfect past tense are merged in Tybusenic, so determining which of the two sub-tenses are in use relies on contextual evidence (words that make the action either specific or recurring in the past).
 * Past tense

Sample Translations
The translation of Article 1 of the Declaration of Human Rights are as follows:

"Tero terruna coceptemasas imancitor io solato kuro onococz io xedalis. Masa lagamasas brostailerol acai spokarne io solfaw io colacaromasas thetrin winñoa odasumeles kuro ei mogistashao di shinorinare kinnosauf."

"All humans beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

(Literal: "All humans [are] born free and equal in dignity and right. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherly kinship.")

Trivia

 * Out-of-universe, Tybusenic was originally just a background element to give the TIAF a lingual identity besides plain English, but CaptainTybusen was inspired by Xho's Kicathian Language to expand and ultimately create a full grammatical structure for Tybusenic.