User:Wormulon/Types of civilisation

This page is a testing ground for a future SporeWiki article about classifying civilisations. It will supersede the Tier scale, based primarily on technological capability while Ghelæ's class scale works on size and energy consumption. Of course, the scale and advancement of technology generally works on how much energy can be supplied to that civilisation, that is the basic need of technology and would be a fundemental basis for all manipulative-type intelligences in the universe.

Likelyhood of galactic civilisations, Faster-Than-Light travel and the Fermi Paradox (Tech, scale, age)
In the SporeWikiverse, FTL is possible, the limit is not in reality but in imagination. Indeed there are several STL races, such as the Elucaphon. This chart is NOT my invention, it is in the Stephen Baxter interview (0:51 to the end), but I find its useful and we could modify our own version.

∗- Interplanetary + first interstellar expeditions. ∗- Without Vorlon jumpgates. ∗- If the universe turns out to hang in the lower left or right boxes, I think a good candidate for first contact or even UFO's are self-replicating swarms, sent out by civilisations over billions of years and spreading throughout the universe. In short, the universe should be full of them, even making the 10% of unexplained UFO reports likely. ∗- Assuming interstellar travel was done over the age of the universe, perhaps first building stellar |Shkadov thrusters from dyson spheres and that computational processing speed of their minds were slowed to shorten their perception of time for the trip.

Whether a civilisation is STL or FTL is important to this scale, I believe faster-than-light technology is key to unlocking the universe, if civilisations in the lower left develop FTL technology they immediatly become long-lived space opera civilisations, which will quickly develop technology to become godlike engineers of the universe in centuries to a thousand years or so. If it cannot develop FTL for whatever reason it can instead use STL starships, von-nuemann swarms and even in time enclose itself in dyson structures, perhaps developing its technology very slowly into Tier 1, but differently, eventually over many millenia reaching galactic status. The universe might not be old enough for the box on the lower right, if FTL technology is never developed, if the speed of light is taken into account. Conservative estimates suggest Galactic Builders in this box won't exist for a 1000 trillion years, but they will still be able to tap into black holes and stellar ashes, they will perhaps envy us basking in the glorious embers of the Big Bang, as Arthur.C.Clarke said; “They will have time enough, in all those endless aeons, to attempt all things and gather all knowledge... But for all that, they may envy us, basking in the bright afterglow from creation; for we knew the universe when it was young.”

Xenotechnology: How the intelligent species makes leaps in technology
If we take in Truly Alien life into account (basically anything unlike carbon-based life on Earth), the locations for life to exist in the universe rapidally expands beyond what we know of the Goldilocks zone. For a long time, scientists within SETI have speculated that manipulative-type sentients (this is not taking other types of adaptive xenopsychology into account) can only create technology on the surface of planets with atmospheric chemistries that are remarkably unreactive; for example, if free-oxygen was present on Titan, fire, one of the most important sources of energy for early man, but be an impossibly dangerous exploit). Chlorine-dominant atmospheres would also be unsuitable for smelting iron and copper (leading whatever manipulative-type sentient to either find another metal).  In more recent times, hard science fiction writers and some astrobiologists have speculated that Aquatic civilisations, Atmospheric civilisations, stellar-based and many other very alien intelligences and so on can exist. They may all manipulate their environment for different uses to Earth-civilisation, but all share one thing in common, and that is energy.

In the "Star Maker", a world is mentioned who's sentient lifeforms are Swarm Intelligences. These were composite beings who lived on a world swepped by dramatic ocean tides, making flight important, however, its natives coudn't achieve lift with brains as big as human's. This, each flock of birds was a composite conciousness, they created a mental unity based on manipulation of strong electromagnetic fields, this was ultimatly biological, and comparable to the monkey paws of human beings which is the basis of technology for manipulative-sentients. Through this they were able to develop agriculture, and eventually wind-turbine power generation and archictecture based on their own manipulation of the atmosphere. Radio waves, not nuclear power, were the Weapons of Mass Destruction on their world, eventually only two flocks were left dominant, having absorbed the others. A great war occurred with the two flock-civilisation attemping to absorb the other using radio-wave bombardment.

So indeed, not all technological civilisations are the same. This is the basis of the Tier U on the previous scale, although now I feel like all a civilisation needs to do to reach higher tiers of technology is to find ever greater sources of energy and resources to use it; perhaps a star-civilisation exists out there, perhaps it can find ingenious ways to manipulate its environment, but without solid material, it cannot leave its home star, if this civilisation is spread right across it would rate Kardashev-II, yet at the same time, it could not (and probably would not want or need to) create solid objects let alone starships and the other usual tropes of science fiction.

Such limited Tier U Xeno-technolofical civilisations probably fit in the lower-left to lower right boxes for a long time.

Solving the issues with technology
Me and some other users think that the new tier scale should be vague about technology. Technology is an abstract thing, it can be classified by how it works, by energy/mass, by its infinite applications varying in advancement (which as we've seen above also varies) and so on. Some alien technology and hypertechnology is not easy to add to a scale.


 * To expand or not to expand: Generally, civilisations expand, societies which cannot expand due to physical, technical or motivational reasons stay in the lower-right box. Human (abd generally in fiction, many species) civilisations do expand, and the more energy sources it can harness, the more the universe is opened up, perhaps to levels beyond current human understanding nearing the tip of the scale, especially if information-processing rate increases (see transhumanism, abd the sentience quotient).  The Kardeshev scale deals with this quite well, and is the basis for the original Tier scale and the Class scale which this is attempting to bridge the gap.


 * Hypertechnology: However, this scale will have to be vague, for several reasons, some of these make the "Tier U" intelligences impossible to put on a kardeshev scale accuratly. Like with the sentience quotient, if an artifact from a superior intelligence fell on Earth, if humans even recorgnise such a device distinct from the natural world or in our perceptions (perhaps a monolith created for our image) we might project our own beliefs ono it.  As Stephen Baxter mentioned in one interview, we may try to measure information processing and energy readings, not finding its true purpose, just as the apemen in 2001: Space Odyssey may have tried to procreate with the artifacts.


 * Civilisations that don't fit (Tier U): The Nox in Stargate are one of the Four Great Races, refer to humans as young and all that, but for most of the episode appeared as stone-age people. Yet, it turned out they had an invisible civilisation, that was all around that Sg1 didn't notice until shown. In fact the Nox could build better Statgates than the Ancients, they had no unstable vortex for example.  Wormhole-technology, yet no visible energy source.  The technology was either hidden or simply beyond understanding.  Some sci-fi civilisations have advanced technology but are not very large empires, perhaps most having left, or became extinct.  Others swarm, taking resources and never really advancing much, becoming technologically stagnant.  Many fictional civilisations never develop their own technology, simply raiding off others like thieves or parasites.  The Cephalodians in the SporeWikiverse evolved from runaway bionanobots, and never build technology, instead symbiotically "instructing" or "programming" other life (also descended from bionanotechnology) into whatever living form they desire.


 * Conclusion: Because of all this, instead this scale isn't about technology itself but the advance of a civilisation and likelyhood of what those technologies are applied to.

= Tier scale V2 = Remember, this is technological capability only, it is also in general and overall over a broad spectrum.

IMPORTANT: The Tier scale is no longer about power, it is focused on pathways of technological development, since the old system was too simple and failed.

Class 10 (IV-V+)
Versus scale and kardashev scale: Energy being harnessed is approaching 1069 joules, the collective of mass-energy in the observable universe, perhaps beyond. Tier IV civilisations don't need to be universal in size, if a civilisation or collective intelligence learned how to jump inside a rotating black hole, it might be able to could harness mass inflation, which is thought to exceed Big Bang energies.
 * Lifetime/age (to expand): STL (1000 trillion years)...FTL (age of the universe?)
 * ''Distribution of resources: The entire universe.
 * Of energy across civilisation: STL (local)...FTL (unlimited transportation)
 * Population: Dense.
 * Known energy sources: All baryonic matter, dark matter, dark energy, mass inflation in a black hole, extra dimensions.

Tier 0 - Universal engineers
''If the said godrace has instantaneous faster than light travel, they could re-engineer the universe as they please, perhaps violating currently accepted physics of even Tier 1 (though even this might be a limited humanocentric idea). This could be used to do far more than create universes perhaps inconceivable works, the closest to omnipotence one can get in science. Perhaps such races were born with the universe, expanding and evolving with it...''


 * Unlimited


 * Existential - Ayrai'Shikua (SporeWiki) - The ontological description of the Xhodocto is roughly this: mental reality, represented by conscious beings cannot percieve its own objective nature of Chaos, a construct of irreality from which beyond cannot be described.  It is a force beyond it's own reckoning, a thing in itself which is undecidable.  Unfortunately, the Xhodocto are a negative understanding of Chaos so Chaos tries to make itself understood through terror, a negative feedback loop making them ever stronger.  Yes thats right, Xhodocto are mental constructs of races of the SporeWikiverse and the SporeWikiverse is a dream of the Xhodocto.  They have power over all existence and increasing knowledge of non-existences, "zero, infinity, alpha and omega all at once in a collision".  Some races of the SporeWikiverse percieve the Xhodocto as evil.
 * Extra-universal: Downstreamers (Manifold series), Q (Star Trek), Anti-Spirals (TTGL), The Sublimed and Excession (Culture novels), the Ultraterrestrials in the Sporewikiverse; Big Collective Consciousness, Non-Turing (not causally related to current SporeWikiverse).
 * Cosmogenic - Alphapoint/Omegapoint "god" - Examples include; "Ultimate Observer" (Xeelee sequence), Monad (Xeelee Sequence), Biocentrism, sentient universe in the Time Ships, and Isaac Asimov's Cosmic AC. The Xeelee to a limited extend.


 * Universal


 * Photino Birds (Xeelee Sequence) - Outmass the Xeelee 6 to 1 in terms of matter available to them, forced the Xeelee to retreat, allowing them to "terraform" the universe which caused the extinction of baryonic life.
 * Xeelee (Xeelee Sequence) - One of the most advanced civilisations ever envisioned; this profile describes details, although there are more things not mentioned there. They are made of spacetime defects and primordial matter born just have the Big Bang (merged with life and tech from later eras) have subtly influenced the evolution of the universe (from cosmic inflation to the halos of dark matter).  Several sources suggest they may even be Multiversal (they inhabit a causal time loop which re-runs different timelines of the universe, built a massive cosmological constuct called "The Ring" 200 million light years wide and created "heaven" universes for all baryonic life, such as a universe of mathematical perfection and infinite stars for the Silver Ghosts).  All encounters with the Xeelee are violent but in general they "love" life, even if it attacks them.  Much of their technology and projects are above less advanced races but some of their "trash" is prized and fought over by squabbling baryonics.
 * The Proto-Xeelee and Quagmites (Xeelee Sequence) - In Exultant, it is revealed life existed since the very beginning of the universe (the Proto-Xeelee) and had influenced inflation, antimatter/baryon assymetry, nucleosynthesis and finally the lithium 7 anomaly, all before the Xeelee and Photino Birds altered the large scale structure of the universe in their cosmological war.
 * Universal Constructors (The Time Ships) - A "descendant" of Humanity, living quantum replicators where no individual exists, instead they are an information sea of minds merging and dissolving. They darkened the universe with dyson spheres and eventually created time ships to the beginning of the universe and pushed it back (I won't spoil the ending), by transversing imaginary time and created a pool table for the time traveller where the ball knocked itself in a time looping wormhole.
 * Firstborn - an alternative version of the of 2001 Space Odyssey aliens, the Firstborn wish to eradicate all life in the universe to slow its end. They preserve record of all extincted races in a basement universe.  They also created a planet called Mir with a stitched patchwork from different historical eras of the Earth.


 * Truly Limited

''If the speed of light and other laws of physics cannot be exceeded, then universe-spanning races won't exist until greater ages of the universe. This could be compensated by extremely slow time perception (subjective time would be unaffected), a slow AI, such beings have been speculated to be the last living forms that survive in the universe. These races may or may not be as godly as those above, but can still do impressive things that shape the future of life or the universe.''
 * Dyson's Eternal Intelligence - Only achieved at timelike infinity.
 * 2001 Space Odyssey aliens - Evolved in the early universe, spread out with it, perhaps creating life, seeding intelligence and even weeding out others. In the sequel their monolith ignited Jupiter.

Class 9 (kardashev III to IV)
Versus scale and kardashev scale: High Tier One civilisations might be quite capable of locally altering physical constants, indicating they can harness energies powerful enough to unite the fundamental forces of nature, or far transcend our knowledge of spacetime. Most high tier 1 civilisations seem to be true Kardashev III's, either harnessing the total mass/energy output of a galaxy or quasar, or harness dark matter. Gamma-ray burts and colliding supermassive black holes probably also provide sufficient power. But what makes them differ from Tier 0? True tier 0 civilisations have altered the universe on a cosmological scale.

Many of these races have artificially changed the very nature of their being so that at this point lesser civilisations have problems perceiving them. Such races push beyond the limits of being and live in highly abstract worlds of their own design.

Arranged by abilities:
 * Lifetime/age (to expand): STL (100,000 years to stationary observers)...FTL (Mere generations)
 * ''Distribution of resources: The entire universe.
 * Of energy across civilisation: STL (Local)...FTL (Universal)

High Tier 1

 * Mastery of relativistic spacetime/supergalactic


 * Time Lords (Doctor Who) - Time travel, time locks, mathematics given solid form, dimensionally transcendant objects (like a TARDIS, Doctor's is antique too), simulated universes, artificial black holes and other toys, removed magic from the universe, planned to ascend, destroying time as we know it along with them.
 * The Transcendance (Transcendance era, Xeelee Sequence) - Transcended posthumans with godlike intelligence achieving "subXeeelee dominance" across the Local Supercluster. Humans have constructed a neutrino clock at the center of the galaxy that pulses to human rythem and even children have witnessing boxes that allow them to study the lives of historical people (and actually observing their lives).  Highest of all, The Transcendance is a collective superintelligence was an attempt to make a bridge between mankind and godhood, members of it could achieve retro-casual time manipulation with their minds, and reality warping in another plane of existence called configuration space, so to connect the future with the past and resurrect every human that ever lived.
 * Snowmen (Xeelee Sequence) - 13 billion years of age, they created vast fractal artifacts cooled to the microwave background recording all information. The artifact has an interesting defense; it can violate Mach's principle, by making gravito-magnetic currents tugging all objects uniformly in the universe non-uniform instantaneously.
 * The Junction in their original universe (SporeWiki), also Cult of the Deathmarch/The Congregation - The Junction have control over dark energy, I speculate they could halt and reverse cosmic expansion once godhood is achieved, and they probably will. The Congregation use Xhodocto weapons and megascale constructs, possible contact with the 21 races, demons and maybe the Xhodocto.  They could be Tier 0 for all I know, yet they remain mortal, very dangerous...


 * Quantum Gravity, hyperspace, deeper physics


 * Nagilum (Star Trek) - Created a hole with no dimension or energy, created illusions of ships and created impossible geometry inside them. Cannot die as we understand it.  I think other Star Trek Elder beings other than the Q are here too (Sha Ka Ree, Douwd, Armus, Beta (*) entity, Prophets, Organians, Metron, Edo god, Calamarain, 0, The Traveller and other reality-warping non-corporeal races).
 * The Alterans (Stargate) - In Stargate, the Alteran technology is expressed at different times in their evolution. They planted Stargates across the universe and most impressive of all, had several dimensional technologies (e.g. quantum mirrors, interdimensional visibility, dimensional shifting, time loop stargates, FTL drive working on unknown principles).  Finally they ascended to a deeper realm than spacetime, this was mentioned.
 * Daleks (Doctor Who) - Reality bomb, spacetime weaponry (time travel, captured wormhole bombs), dimensionally transcendent devices, spacetime teleportation of themselves or entire worlds, interuniversal arks.
 * Xunca, Tar-Aiym and Hur'ri (Humanx Commonwealth) - The Xunca ascended to a higher dimension while the Tar-Aiym and Hur'ri built cosmic-level white hole superweapons that wiped out all higher life.
 * Qax (Photino victory era, Xeelee Sequence) - The Qax by this era evolved to live in the guts of physics, their turbulent cells sublimed into the quantum foam, and the gravitational interactions of galaxies, varying in size. They managed to seal the character Paul, an immortal disembodied human of quantum functions into a cage of photons which were so energetic they were almost black holes.  The Qax were planning to stay in the universe despite the Photino victory, but it would appear they considered interuniversal travel.  Qax at this point could damage the Photino Birds.


 * Thermodynamics and Absolute Zero


 * Pan-Galactic Society & The Endless (Endless Space) - The technology tree in this game is far-reaching, with eventual control of entropy.
 * Silver Ghosts (Xeelee Sequence) - Created a pocket universe where the planckscale was altered to build the insane AI Planck-Zero, split the wavefunction of electrons to use as a new kind of teleporter, created dark matter soliton stars to create understanding with the Photino Birds, altered stars and pits of spacetime that affected the stability of matter, vacuum-energy weapons, transported star systems in time and hyperdrives that can cross the universe in months. They seem to be explorers and are not good at warfare.
 * Combinations of the above


 * AI's which exceed light speed delays and operating beyond sentience limits: Technocore UI, Vger and the Whale Probe (Star Trek) Eschaton, AI Netspace, Xeelee Sequence AI's and HHGTTG - The Archailects, in all their power, are still limited by the speed of light and time travel, thus, they do not represent the greatest "AI gods" In the Xeelee Sequence, the Silver Ghosts created an AI in a pocket universe altered for greater computation, and humsands built Closed Timelike Curve processors can answer questions before being asked them.  The TechnoCore UI (Hyperion Cantos which uses temporal manipulation.
 * Archailects, The Leviathan (AI gods, Orion's Arm) - environment/planet/star/black hole/cluster/wormhole/quantum AI's with minds beyond comprehension, known powers include; voidships/ghosts, access to the Bulk, creating and tailoring universes, tipler oracles, chaos wands, and produce "Clarketech" and artifacts lower clades of Humanity/AI fail to understand (and a primitive version of dimensionally transcendent objects). They can defend themselves with Black Angels and metric weapons which utilise dark energy.


 * Small-scale

''Some technological civilisations seem to have capabilities of supergalactic scale civilisations. Technological/knowledge cloaks are a possibility, or that they may have fallen back, or found even better ways to produce sufficient energy. They might be powerful in different ways to human ambition.''
 * Heechee & the Foe - The Foe were somehow adding mass to the universe to cause a Big Crunch, and the Heechee retreated into black holes.
 * Vorlon, Shadows and First Ones (Babylon 5) - Most have ascended the universe or left the galaxy, so Class 5 in size. Spacetime manipulation using organic technology is impressive.  Notable Vorlon tech includes; understanding of the soul, voidships, planet busters, quantum drives and interuniversal travel to Thirdspace.  Shadows; hyperspace shifting, hyperspace weapons, deathclouds of nanotech berserkers, superlasers.  Other First Ones have immense sentience, psionics, mindtravel (Great Machine), non-material structural engineering, and hyperspace constructions.
 * Deceptively advanced truly alien races: Orion's Arm has Environmental minds like Whisperworld, and in the Xeelee Sequence story "Dreaming mould", an alien slimemould which was once an alien civilisation had turned itself into something that perceives timelessness.  In the story "Callisto bugs", humans uploaded their minds into bacteria that evolved to absorb quantum numbers and perceive the universe differently.  Humans in it had reality warping powers in "configuration space".    The "Pattern Jugglers" in Revelation Space were sentient algae that record all information.  And in Stargate, the Nox appear Stone Age, but actually are so advanced SG1 simply couldn't see their tech until it was revealed.
 * The Inverted World - A future city which is rolling on the axis of an inverted hyperbolic sphere with negative curvature, the planet is infinite as the world ends before it's speed of rotation exceeds the speed of light with varying time, the Sun and Earth are psuedospheres. It's inhabitants have reverted however to a more primitive state.

Class 7 and 8 (II-III)
Scale: A Class 6-scale civilisation begins to harness stars (II), perhaps eventually creating networks (class 7, II.5) to transport the energy, finishing at class 8 (II/III) when such a civilisation dominates significant areas of a galaxy. They are only limited by their imagination, in time, they could easily achieve high Tier 1. Typical power sources class 7 and beyond may include hyperspatial energy (see below), stellar husbandry, or breakdown of symmetries (using metric technology).

Technology: ''Low and mid-tier 1 civilisations are able to astroengineer their galaxy, using high mass/energy technologies, might involve incredibly complex manufacturing using femto-nanotech (like quantum replicators, matter/antimatter conversion), gravitational manipulation (wormhole networks on a large scale), and even hyperspatial technology that can manipulate realspace too. Some of these civilisations can open existing portals to other universes, but not really create them from scratch. Many SporeWikiverse civilisations have advanced this point.''

Mid Tier 1 (K-III)
Mid Tier 1 civilisations truly reach kardashev III. However, I've split them into two groups, both about as advanced as each other; civilisations which continue to use astroengineering, eventually building entire solar systems, and hyperspatial, which generate just as much energy from hyperspace.

Industrial power - To the point of world-building.
 * Interim Coalition of Governance (Late-Assimilation/Exultant/Post-Exultant era Humanity, Xeelee Sequence) - They achieved dominion over the Milky Way. Some of the most advanced sci-fi humans; gravastar shields, shields are strong enough to survive impact with a magnetar, snowflake storage, star-projectiles, CTC's (Closed Timelike Curve) processors which answer a question before being asked.  Wormhole-based time travel, SUSY-drives, wormhole networks, hyperdrives, starbusting handguns, black hole launchers, GUT-projectiles, monopole weapons, neutronium and gravity weapons already ancient technology.  Daring even to engage the Xeelee in quasi-trench warfare in the Galactic Core, and several posthuman groups living on wacky places like neutron stars and black holes, naked in space or swimming through accretion discs. They also dismantled globular clusters, cannonballing planets at FTL speeds into the galaxy, and built artificial worlds that could survive in the galactic center with antigravity cities...
 * Forerunners (Halo), Gree, Celestials, Kwa and Rakatans (Star Wars), Planet Builders (Stargate) and Magratheans (Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy) - Seem to be at the same level more or less. The Forerunners built a minature dyson sphere cloaked by a void bubble which was in a state of time dilation, as well as being capable of galaxy-wide gridfire.  Similary; the Magratheans have folded zones of hyperspace where they construct planets as a hobby and built AI's the Archailects of OA would be jealous of.  The Celestials constructed star systems and black holes, while the Kwa and Gree had huge stargates (though not on the universal scale compared to the Alterans), and had quantum and dimensional shifting.  Rakatans used Celestial tech to build the Star Forge.
 * The Sundrivers, Deep Traveller (Orion's Arm) - Astroengineering on a large scale, and the Deep Traveller is some form of mobile Dyson structure.

Hyperspatial revolution - Civilisations that invest more time in hyperspace.
 * The Culture - I feel like making The Culture higher, they are certainly the strongest Mid-tier 1 in size/scale/tech.  Highest you can get without "impossibly" powerful devices like time travel.
 * Theian Dominion, Dacean Ecumene (SporeWikiverse) - At their height in the future, Theians may have maxed out at K-III with many dyson spheres. Turned their homeworld into a globus cassus, and had various "clarketech" devices (and time travel).  They are reduced to Tier 2 now however.  The Daceans are living quantum replicators that have expanse on the edge of the universe, held their own against the earlier Xhodocto using very advanced hyperspatial technology.
 * The Apalos (With the AI Netspace, SporeWiki) - Spacetime shielding, access to high tier 1 computation, shapeshifting spacecraft, creation of quantum replicators (although based on Elder technology).
 * Galactic Union (Lensman series) - Similar tech to The Culture, enough to turn entire star systems into technology, such as a stellar vacuum tube used to produce a Nicoll-Dyson laser.

Low Tier 1 (K-II/III, megastructural to hyperspatial)
Low tier 1 civilisations are close to a galactic-scale civilisation but are not quite Type III. They can freely travel to other galaxies and have much the same abilities, but are on a smaller scale.
 * Grox Meta-Empire, Shka'Tun, Delpha Coalition of Planets, Milky Way Cooperative, Core Empire, Andromedan Galactic Commonwealth (SporeWiki) - The six seem to share similar-level technology: degenerate matter mined from stellar remnants, quantum replicators, micro-gridfire, hyperspatial weaponry, permanent wormholes, stellar lifting/husbandry, matter/antimatter conversion, ghost-phasing, intergalactic presence, interuniversal travel through natural portals, and more.
 * Galactic Empire (Star Wars Expanded Universe) - Size/Scale/Military could level anyone on this scale short of The Culture...Technology: Hyperspatial weapons and power sources, vacuum energy used for power, artificial black holes, superhardquantum condensates, industrial-scale duplicators, hyperspace-capable artificial planets, dyson rings, experimental stellar lifting, starbusting torpedoes, planet busting superlasers, hyperspace missiles, multi-terraton/petaton firepower and shielding. An experimental physics station in Otherspace.
 * Asgard (Stargate) - Degenerate matter, intergalactic travel in minutes (which is good even for this tier), static time dilation, advanced beaming technology that can erase Goa'uld ships, created their own stargates, planet and even star-destroying weapons, sufficient shielding and beam weapons. Insufficient at simpler tech which was almost their downfall against the Replicators.
 * Systems Commonwealth (Andromeda) - Incorporating three galaxies, the Commonwealth had orbitals, hyperspatial wormholes, tesseracting, quantum-drives, exotic matter cores, relativistic antimatter weapons, mass packets, singularity projectors, sunbusters, artificial suns. One member (Perseids) are mapping the wavefunction of the universe to revolutionise technology.  The rivalling Magog have a World-Ship.
 * Galactic Community of Worlds (Star Maker) - A galactic group mind harnessing nearly all the stars in the Milky Way, capable of terraforming, moving star systems and engineering vast worldlets. They had loosely defined "subatomic physics" which gave them powerful directed energy weapons and even starbusters.  The community was almost destroyed by the stars, as the book described the stars and galaxy too as a sentient community.  After merging they explore the universe, existing until the end of time when they barely percieve the "supreme moment", or the Star Maker (god).  It is astonishing this book was published in the 1930's.
 * Others: Fourth Great and Bountiful Human Empire (three galaxies, time travel, artificial moons), Terran Society (Schlock Mercenary), Jurai Empire (Tenchi Muyo)

Tier 2 - Megastructural
''Tier 2 civilisations spread their populations to a sub-galactic scale, most often inhabiting megastructures, although much more advanced than Tier 3 in the respect they that develop "stellar husbandry". Tier 2 civilisations probably push the bounds of knowledge we can describe, but unlike a Tier 1 they may be confined to large regions of a the galaxy.''
 * Terragen Sphere (Orion's Arm) - Excluding the Archailects, Terragen Sphere is a perfect Tier 2; Transapient posthumans, computers that can simulate universes, megascale engineering (Dyson swarms, star lifting and black hole industrial zones), stellar weapons, early-metric engineering (permanent wormholes) and experimental physics (Galbydeia Torus, Ynity Gate project).
 * Borg Collective (Star Trek) - The Borg occupy between 10,000 and 100,000 systems, assimilating various random technology (they do not create their own units). The Borg have developed great "Transwarp hubs", a galactic network of wormholes (which might be powered by a star or by subspace) and can even open temporal wormholes without creating feedback radiation thought to destroy them.  In Star Trek Online, they have plasma weapons capable of vapourising ships and colonies.
 * Average SporeWikiverse - Cognatus, Sphagarzi Imperium, Tokzhalan/Girdo empires, Vartekian Empire, Krassio Host, Inog Swarm, Human Intergalactic Republic, The Divinarium, Indoctrinative Collective, Imperial Alliance, Magellanic Sovereignty of Planets, Thal Empire, Draconid Imperium (Wormhole project is now complete, hypermatter and black hole power sources), United Lanat Empire (they can threaten galactic-scale empires like themselves in other galaxies), Rambo Nation (Vortex torpedoes, superlaser-battlestations, wormhole keys, intergalactic travel, special class of ships capable of temporal warfare), Salsetthe Republic, Polar Crystal Alliance, The Coalition.
 * Eldar, Necrons (Warhammer 40K) - Eldar constructed networks of superliminal lanes in "Warp", and could crystallise warp into a semi-sentient substance called "Wraithbone" in realspace. Both these were arguably Tier 1 in their history.
 * Sontarans and Rutan Host (Doctor Who) - Large scale matter/Antimatter conversion, limited time travel, starbusters.
 * Yuuzhan Vong (Star Wars) - The Yuuzahn Vong are early Tier 2, with generational intergalactic travel, planet cracking gravitational weapons, and have Dovin basals - organic technology that seemingly utilises black holes for power and weapons.
 * Others: The Tech Tree in Space Empires V easily reaches high tier 2, Tech tree in Star Ruler, Hegemony of Man (Hyperion Cantos; interstellar transport network), Jjaro (Marathon; stellar weapons), Night's Dawn Trilogy, Greater Commonwealth (Void), Humanity in Gunbuster (created an artificial black hole), Xenosaga
 * Use of stolen and reverse engineered technology, or fallen civilisations
 * Qax (Qax occupation era, Xeelee Sequence) - Travel in sentient "Spline", and have several reverse-engineered alien technologies; Squeem hyperdrives, human wormhole networks, primitive versions of Xeelee starbreakers and very advanced nanotechnology including swarms that could cleanslate a planet (even the fossil record). half the species lives on their homeworld, and developed as traders.
 * Contact aliens - Wormhole construction, other forms of FTL may still impossible. Created a powerful signal aimed to Earth, and their mathematics use higher dimensions.  However, they were not the inventors.
 * End-gameplay in Spore - Large-scale antimatter production (presumably enough to create "planet busters"), wormhole keys/return ticket, Staff of Life (replication or bionanotech?), interstellar drives which can cross the galaxy in minutes, one ship that can destroy entire empires in a single sitting, the ability to terraform planets quickly. A size that can reach class 7, Class 5 in scale. Also capable of using gravitational weapons.
 * Imperium of Man (Warhammer 40,000) - The IoM is Class 7 in industrial scale but remain mostly planetary. But remnant technology still in possession, from greater times seem to brush here at least; planet cracking weapons, hyperdrives, battle planetoids with firepower on-par with other Tier 2 civilisations.
 * Goa'uld System Lords (Stargate) - The Goa'uld are parasites and rarely design their own technology. The System Lords do have powerful stolen technologies (mostly Alteran); stargates, hyperspace travel capable of intergalactic transit, multi-gigaton weapons and shields, and intergalactic capability.  Shields are powerful enough to stay immersed in an O-type star's corona.  However, most slave worlds are kept in Iron Age development and still have a fuedal system.  Technology and spacecraft may be slow to manufacture.
 * Kicath (SporeWiki) - The Kicath Tier 3 but have gained early Tier 2 technology from the Milky Way Cooperative, such planet cracking weapons and increased FTL capabilities.
 * Elachi (Star Trek Online) - The Elachi are an otherwise tier 4 civilisation which is possibly in contact with the high tier Iconians. Thus, they have shielding and weapons that can take on whole fleets and have obvious hyperspatial technologies where they often set up base in subspace.

Unconventional development (class 6-7) ''Of course not all Tier 2 civilisations have gone through the linear progression. Some of these come from universes constraint by physical laws or the Fermi Paradox (Contact), others derived it from others or have fallen, or even developed very unusually like the Cheela escaping the Class x Tier classification. They still however maintain powerful technologies, such as building wormhole networks.''
 * Species 8472 (Star Trek) - The "Undine" have impressive firepower, enough to destroy anything between a Borg Cube and planet, which is indicative of power sources expected from high tier civilisations.  It is unclear how their "xenotechnology" operates but it is obviously organic.  There is no evidence however that the Undine were able to access the main universe using their technology, instead using the Borg's quantum singularities.
 * Reapers (Mass Effect) - Much of their technology seems Tier 4 to me (like kinetic shields and megaton scale weapons), although they have zero-point energy and dark energy-powered mass effect fields used to create networks of krasnikov tubes. It is probably down to Reapers subtly manipulate races into a certain level of advancement and not requiring anything more.
 * Tollans (Stargate) - The Tollans possessed technology to phase through matter, and reverse-engineered their own Stargate. The point that makes them Tier 2-like is that they had FTL communications, but when asked whether they worked by folding space, the Tollan replied "No, you won't understand".  Tier 2 is a point where technology begins to advance even beyond our limits of knowledge.
 * Protoss (Starcraft) - Quite unconventional, they have a lot of xeno/clarketech They have hyperspatial travel and warp gates powered from zero-point-energy.
 * Dominatus (Sporewiki) - Dominatus technology is defined by it's bipolarity. In some places, like the LEZIAPETSSHIT of the Tiamat, it is borderline tier 1/0, as it gives mathematics solid form in reality. Similarly advanced is it's megastructural engineering and it's materials engineering. However, at the other end of the spectrum, it has aspects of being low tier 4 or high tier 5 in terms of the majority of it's industry, of which the majority involves geoengineering. Similarly, they have no knowledge of wormholes in practical application, something that is a tier 3 trait. Therefore, the Dominatus are on aggregate, a tier 2, although they are making heavy transitions in most areas.

Tier 3
''Tier 3 civilisations generally are on a much larger scale than Tier 4 civilisations. They may using simpler structures such as dyson bubbles to start harnessing stellar energy, achieving Kardashev II, such a civilisation generates 80 times the energy of Humanity's biggest bomb, the Tsar Bomba, a second if hucked up to stars like our Sun (G-type, 1 solar mass). The energy released should be enough to power very advanced technology and synthesize materials impossible before, such as superheavy elements. Negative mass may also be achieved without limit, allowing for technologies beyond understanding or forseeable engineering for less advanced civilisations. Early hyperspatial technology (like transwarp) may become proto-typed. Wars may be fought over possession of the core for the lucky civilisation that is able to harness it will advance ten-fold.
 * Tier 3 - Stellar husbandry (late class 6/7) 


 * Grox Empire (Spore) - If we speculate they use the Galactic core as a source of power. They seem to have FTL propulsion unaffected by gravity wells, hinting of some unknown science.
 * Stephen Hawking's imagined aliens - Bend starlight to create temporary wormholes. The Reckzo and Drodo of SporeWikiverse are equivalent.
 * Cheela (Dragon's Egg) - Inhabit a neutron star, and advanced on more of a curved line due to the energy readily available to them, achieving technology comparable to other well established civilisations while remaining interplanetary until the end of the book.
 * Classic single-system "Dyson Sphere Builders" (e.g. in Star Trek, and the Morlocks) - Very ancient Tier 3 civilisations might be able to construct Dyson Spheres. There are engineering problems with Dyson spheres, although it may be possible with materials a Tier 3 could manufacture.  Even so, the cost and time may out-weigh the benefits, but still, there may be justifications.
 * Tkon Empire (Star Trek) - They could move their star systems, perhaps using Shkadov thrusters.
 * Protoss (Starcraft) - Quite unconventional, they have a lot of xeno/clarketech They have hyperspatial travel and warp gates powered from zero-point-energy, which may be equivilient when compared to these others.
 * Ringworld (Known Space)

Tier 4
''Tier 4 civilisations, while lower-end seem to be bulk of science fiction (with the Federation from Star Trek on top almost). They have established a stable spacefaring civilisation butare still planetary. In terms of size they may be limited by their local galactic neighborhood. Tier 4 and 3 civilisations grouped together can threaten higher scale civilisations. Power sources: Antimatter, "quantum singularities" (captured virtual radiation). ''Tier 4 civilisations are already very advanced (industry might include mass/energy conversion, like teleportation and replication for advanced material sciences). Large-scale geoengineering and terraforming is feasible in the lifespan of 1 or 2 generations. However, the number of higher-energy power sources probably decrease, meaning scale becomes more similar after tier 4. These civilisations use negative mass for FTL capability (warp, early hyperspace jump drives) as well as antigravity and subspace ambisils (most fantasically FTL may permit time travel). Other technologies might include quantum computing as well as widespread use of directed energy weapons and deflector shields.''
 * Size and scale
 * Technology


 * Subgalactic "transwarp" civilisations

Have large prominance over the galactic neighborhood reaching sub-galactic sizes typical of Tier 2 civilisations. Age, high stellar density and resources could explain their size. A-type tier 4's may also have sent automated replicator bots (von-Nuemann probes) to expand their domain. A-type civilisations may have early transwarp technology and are older than the usual tier 4 counterparts.
 * Earlier Foundation Empire (Foundation series) - Will evolve into a galactic conciousness (Galaxia) utilising every source of energy within.
 * Scions (Infinity The Quest for Earth) - Three cores of human civilisation in the galaxy, spread by hyperdrives and hyperspace jump-points. Possible terraforming.  It is stated there will be no megastructures, except perhaps solar-energy statites.
 * SporeWikiverse examples - Most of the Katar Sector races, the Four Races of the Kraw Galaxy and the KGGC, the Terditlians, Gablinus-Avis, BNSC, Defensive System's Block, Trucinex Imperium, Loron (Pre-UNO), Solonese Union; Natrian Empire (Pre-SporeWikiverse)
 * Covenant (Halo) - Appear to use transwarp engines, and have several technologies beyond UNSC understanding. Yet they develop their tech from leftover artifacts.
 * Zentradi (Macross) - End Class 5 possibly Class 6 as industry, faster FTL technology (although Transwarp is not outside the UFP's understanding), other tech lags.


 * Warp-capable - Early interstellar civilisations, still largely planetary.

Typical early spacefaring civilisations, most of science fiction comprises of Tier 4 societies.
 * Dominion (Star Trek) - A bit more advanced with military and industrial tech than the Federation, although lag behind at certain sciences such as replication. The Dominion is many times larger.
 * United Federation of Planets, Romulan Star Empire, Klingon Empire, Breen Confederacy (Star Trek) - The most advanced neighbors of the Federation, and possibly certain Delta Quadrant races rival the Federation in some areas. Romulans use 'quantum singularities' to power their warp drives.  The Breen demonstrated superior shield draining abilities while the Federation appears to develop exotic particle fields.  In Star Trek Online the Federation appears to be reverse engineering alien technology (Borg and Tholian) correlating with transwarp, hypermatter weapons and non-phasic shields listed here (prototype high tier tech).
 * EVE Online - Wormholes would imply further advancement, although they are temporary and natural. There are also "stargates", but they could be hyperspace jump points (debatably a transwarp civilisation?).  Other typical Tier 4 tech, and more industrial than Star Trek typically is, however factions are far less stable.
 * UNSC (Halo) - Debatably higher, with overkill weapons, but overall technology in some cases is less advanced than Star Trek and the UNSC occupied a handful of systems.
 * Minbari, Drakh (Babylon 5) - The Minbari seem to be above other B5 nations, e.g. antigravity plates, "shields", and weapons comparable to the best disruptors mounted on Romulan or Klingon ships. Similar case for the Drakh, who use some Shadow-technology.
 * Tau (Warhammer 40k) - Warp drives and antigravity.
 * Starship Troopers (FTL, antigravity, Moon ring construct, laser rifles, planetary destruction, no shields).
 * The Bulk of science fiction, especially in movies and games. Possibly the Independance Day aliens, aliens in The Abyss, Day The Earth Stood Still, Close Encounters, Empire of Man (CoDominium), Prawns (District 9), Predator, X-files, Taken, Dune etc.


 * Alien "Xenosocieties" - Technological societies which develop highly specialised "xenotech" accustomed to their alien biology that doesn't require massive power sources. Species must be interstellar.


 * Sentient xenosophonts (Orions Arm) - Often have very different biology (in alien environments), mentality, goals and values, this can reflect on their technological applications.
 * Tholians (Star Trek) - The Tholians have body temperatures in excess of 207 °C (404 °F), so have crystalline technology that can survive temperatures suited for their body heat. Tholians have mastery over directed energy tech, such as Tholian energy webs which sustain themselves.  In Star Trek Online they have tetryon weapons (correlates with hyperspatial technology) and can make tiny warp jumps (they also targeted my vessel before I warped in!).  The Tholians may even be higher tier, they have some kind of contact with parallel universes (this is because for some reason interuniversal rifts are weaker in Tholian space, meaning less energy needed?) and in the novels they actually have a mini-Dyson Sphere.  Expanded Universe suggests Tier 3, but canon suggests advanced/alien Tier 4.
 * WDC'ians (SporeWiki) - Life on a white dwarf star which learned how to colonise nearby stellar degenerates.
 * Cephalodian Life Guardians (SporeWiki) - They have the ability to symbiotically grow their technology from life on their planet, which evolved from run-away nanotechnology on their planets prehistory. Their technology is sufficient enough to send them around the galaxy, and even enter the atmospheres of gas giants.
 * Swarm races - "swarms" which scour the galaxy for whatever purpose (The Swarm, Star Trek) they evolved (Flood - Halo; Zerg - Starcraft; Tyranids - 40K; Arachnids - Starship Troopers) or were programmed to do, they may assimilate a large range of low and high technology and even become galactic-scale (Replicators - Stargate; Nanohorde - SporeWikiverse), or destroy/farm all sentient life (Dawn Hunters - Orion's Arm, Wraith - Stargate). They may assimilate all sorts of random technologies.
 * Low-Energy civilisations - Development does not always involve a goal of attaining ever higher power sources. E.g. Cloudharvesters and Hiders (Orions Arm), "micro-sentiences" which shrink their body mass to be more efficient, or post-singularity societies that eliminate the need for expansion of more than a few colonies (mind uploading).  Intelligent symbiotic species which travel "on the backs" of others could also be considered interstellar.
 * Spaceborne creatures and space-based biospheres - In some fiction, spaceborne creatures are in fact runaway biotechnology like sentient bioships, such "wild" technology can even make complex spacefaring and energy harvesting biospheres, like the botworlds in Orions Arm. These may be regressive civilisations which were initially built of technology and intent but began to devolve mind while evolving biologically.  The Logic Pool by Stephen Baxter is one example of a natural botworld bootstrapped by existing tech; nano/picotechnology which could grew as axiomatic trees of logic, which escaped the boundary of their world, eventually consuming an entire Moon, but solving truth/falsehoods using postulates.

Tier 5
''Usually STL, starting out using relativistic or generational spaceflight and then building warp drives, although FTL travel might be handed to them. Gravity is simulated by rotation, power source is usually nuclear fusion and solar power. As technology increases by development, reverse-engineering or trade can quickly shift a tier. Even at this point, a civilisation may have a "Theory of Everything" and might be able to engineer certain structures like space elevators not possible before. Power sources: Nuclear fusion, solar energy, planetary power sources.''
 * FTL-capable - These are B-type tier 5 civilisations that benefit from technology given by more advanced uplifters, most typically FTL.


 * Most Babylon 5 powers - Babylon 5 fairs better than most television series at use of feasible technology, although FTL has been distributed by higher races.
 * Naxridon and Arnodian Command (SporeWiki)
 * Smaller NPC Spore empires - Very little technology in Spore is invented, FTL exists but is derived from reverse-egineered precursor tech that allows FTL.
 * Twelve Colonies, Cylons (Battlestar Galactica) - Cylons are a bit more advanced.
 * Mass Effect races - Excluding Reaper technology.
 * The aliens in Battle: Los Angeles? - They may be Tier 5 or 4, though it seems an important power-source to them is water (fusion reactors?). Despite having armour and firepower not much better than ours, it seems they were able to establish a beachead and build vehicles and other constructs very quickly possibly derived from rubble.  They may be quite advanced, yet lack resources.  According to the main website, they have weapons which make humanity's nuclear weapons puny, advanced bio-engineering (weapon-enfusion) and technological telepathy.
 * Humans in Alien series - Slowest FTL still requires cryogenic freezing. Artificial intelligence, cloning, phased plasma rifles and decades-long terraforming.
 * Slower-Than-Light - Many Ultrahard sci-fi stories involve methods of interplanetary or interstellar travel witout speculative technology, some other science fiction stories also involve concepts of cryogenic freezing and other STL methods. We could be this very soon, with technologies we may see in the next century or so.


 * Humans in Firefly series.
 * Humans in Avatar.
 * Fithp (Footfall) - STL invaders who attack Earth with low-tech methods.
 * Yotunian Ideom (SporeWiki) - Cold-adapted technologies, STL travel.
 * Alphan civilization, Menzezium, Elucaphon, TAE (Asgord) (SporeWiki) - Weakest SporeWiki races perhaps.
 * Red Dwarf

Tier 6 (end of class 3 to 4)
Most near-future and diamond-hard science fiction, cyberpunk and interplanetary stories included (e.g Sunshine or the Space Odyssey films).
 * Kerbal Space Program - Game with realistic physics and rocket science. Allows one to explore a solar system with modern technology but on a fictional world.
 * Martians (War of the Worlds) - And many other sci-fi stories with sentients in the Sol System.
 * Space Nazis (Iron Sky) - Some of their tech such as computers is more primitive.
 * 21st century Humanity (Real life) - Global Networking and communications, satellite navigation, digital media/computing, super/hypersonic flight, global commerce, nuclear fission, hydrogen power, geophysical manipulation, particle accelerators, human spaceflight, ion drives, laser technology, electromagnetic astronomy and gravity-wave (dev) sensing that can peer into the edge of the known universe. We may or may not be close to a "Theory of Everything" which simplifies the four forces to explain all baryonic matter.  Temperatures cooled to just above Absolute Zero to create Bose-Einstein condensate.
 * Emerging technologies: weather control, nuclear fusion, antimatter production, space and ocean colonisation, space elevators, space mining, solar sails, directed energy weapons, anti-lasers, materials that shrink when stretched, metamaterial cloaking, camouflage, plasma window shields, magnetricity, artificial intelligence, DNA computing, quantum computing, quantum teleportation, magnetic levitation, room-temperature superconductors, wireless energy transfer, nanotech of various fields, programmable matter, 3D printing, holography, immersive virtual reality, restoration of extinct animals. Big list here.

= Technology and the Theories of Everything =

Application and theoretical physics
See Ghelæ/Tech and Ghelæ/Physics to view SporeWikiverse physics. This is to address what technologies are possible in different models of physics, and how much science fiction and hypothetical technology is compatible under the same theories. Next I'll consider the steps (like resources and power generation, as well as the Fermi paradox) to apply it to the tier scale. Other things I'd like to do in the future is consider engineering components, a whole dimension of limits and successes. The theories provided will most likely be changed, and current human knowledge in these areas is limited, so any technologies belonging to undiscovered science and knowledge are obviously excluded. Excluded:
 * Only technologies that function purely on theoretical physics are listed, so not all future/sci-fi technologies are included (e.g. plasma weapons, cloaks, plasma shields or utility fog are all examples of emerging technology). It seems the technologies based on quantum field theories are on the most shaky ground of whether or not they will become reality.
 * Sillytech, psuedoscience or mathematical oddities that defy current testable laws (e.g. shrink rays, long-term precognition, carnot engines, gravity shielding, torsion physics, Maxwell demons and zeno machines, though some forms of hypercomputer might work in physics.)

Format: Action  - Theory required - Applications*(humanocentric of course!)

Technology to consider: Borg adaption technology, perfect absorbent, cold fusion (unlikely). Physics to consider: Black Hole entanglement (new wormholes and wormhole firewalls), extremal and superextremal black hole electrons (stable quantum black holes?), noncomputational physics (AI, essence?), dark photons (dark matter applications?), applications for weyl curvature

Relativistic mechanics
Frameworks for gravitation and spacetime.
 * Relativistic travel, time dilation - General Relativity, other Scale Tensor theories - Fast sublight propulsion, relativistic kill vehicles.
 * Gravitoelectromagnetic current - General Relativity (solutions) - Gravitoelectromagnetic toroidal launchers, astro-engineering.
 * Variable gravity (as opposed to constant) - Scale Tensor (Brans-Dicke theory relying on quantum inequalities) - Pitch and Bias drive, creation of black holes.
 * Negative mass/energy - General Relativity (solutions), Shrodinger equation, classical field theory - Major component in Faster Than Light travel (Alcubierre warp drive, diametric drive, wormhole travel, krasnikov tube); time travel (Relativity of simultaneity); repulsive antigravity; optical warp shadows (Star Trek).
 * Space warps without negative mass - Guass-Bonet gravity - Wormholes.
 * PP-Wave - Scale Tensors: Brans-Dicke theory, Quantum field Theory: Kaluza-Klein theory, Superstring theory - Gridfire.
 * Momentum interconversion - Violation of the conservation of linear and angular momentum - Energy and momentum both interact with the gravitational field, curving spacetime. The other stress-tensors can be converted into to one another and it may be possible to interconvert momentum.  The angular momentum of just a few billion atoms could be used to deliver linear momentum to the macro-scale.

Quantum mechanics
Frameworks for small-scale phenomena.
 * Thermodynamics
 * A-entropic technology - Superconductor - Time crystals capable of surviving Heat Death of the universe. Computing not troubled by the Second Law of Thermodynamics.  Stasis fields.
 * Bootstrap technology - Statistical mechanics - Great complexity can arise in systems given enough time, i.e. the Universe. A technology that could manipulate the statistics of a system could produce "magic", however naturally these processes would take many of orders of temporal magnitude to occur.  One possibility might be to circumvent the passage of time, such as time dilating the system to the future and then transport it to the present.
 * Particle physics, nuclear physics and optics
 * Weaky Interacting Matter thermalisation - Collision of WIMP's can create heat - Photino Birds in the Xeelee Sequence "stellarformed" the entire universe. Ghostlight weapons in Orion's Arm.
 * Perfect mirror - Millions of tiny mirrors angled in such a manner light is perfectly reflected, or altering the quantum vacuum (fine-structure constant) so the incidence of he speed of light is not equal to 1 - Reflects all electromagnetic and kinetic energy directly back at it's source. Wouldn't make a good standard mirror but could have important applications.  Feedback pulse (STO).
 * Black hole bombs - Hawking Radiation or superradiant instability.
 * Stable strangelets - strange matter+black hole (only stable under high gravitational fields). - Weapons.
 * Glasma weapon - Particle physics; quark-gluon plasma - Fires superheated plasma, emitting gamma-radiation, which can penetrate almost any shield (in a similar manner to a coloumb barrier) and has secondary effects such as nucleosynthesis and various types of plasma and particle weapons. High energy gamma radiation can be refined into antimatter too.  Anything higher produces GUT forces (see Quantum Field Theories below).
 * Degenerate matter - Fermi–Dirac statistics, + Charged microscopic black holes (Reissner-Nordström metric) - Powersource from decay of free neutrons. Charged black holes could stabilise super-dense "neutronium" and "quarkonium" for armour (pair production from EM) and engineering.  Tiny amounts of degenerate matter may be used for artificial gravity.  Ylem in Orion's Arm, "Black Angels" can convert electromagnetic waves into matter, which could be done via gamma ray pair production hitting degenerate matter.
 * "Unobtanium elements" and hypernuclei - Islands of stability (magic numbers) obtained by neutron capture - Transuranic elements are predicted to have strange properties with implications on chemistry. Hypernuclei are exotic atoms with one or more hyperons adding a third dimension to the Periodic Table.
 * Pico, Femtotechnology and quantum effects - Condensed Matter physics, quantum mechanical phenomena, condensates - Improved quantum computing substrates, nuclear chemistry, possibly machines; quantum levitation and differential sails (casimir effect), frictionless surfaces (quantum attraction/repulsion); strong magnetic fields can be used to warp or coagulate molecular bonds (Orions Arm); quantum optics/electronics, atomtronics, spintronics, magnetricity circuits; superchilled condensates, magnetized atomic bonding
 * Teleportation, instantaneous communication, duplication/merging - Quantum non-locality+quantum computing storage without hidden variables - The No-communication theorem is thought to prevent signalling from entanglement (although recent paper suggests otherwise), and tachyons are rendered unstable by most theories. However, other theories involve nonlocality exist.  One suggests the electron that are detected are not the real quantum object which actually travels at infinite speed, which might allow instant communication.  Several methods of teleportation may exist (quantum entanglement and atom lasers).  In the Xeelee Sequence, teleporters split the wavefunction of electrons.  The half electrons are entangled and can leap from one bubble to another, which could explain quantum duplication, as well as being closer to true teleportation.
 * Energy phasing, draining, dampening and dissipation - Bremsstrahlung (dampening field), condensed matter physics, teleportation or wormhole (draining power systems) - Star Trek staple in space combat.
 * Force field technology - Electron plasma, quark-gluon plasma, using positrons to change charge, Delbrück Scattering - A staple in science fiction, most famously in Star Trek. Force fields can describe deflector shield technology and tractor/repulsor beams.
 * Converting incoming energy into shield power - Induction - Useful Star Trek Online ability, armour in Spore. Kinetic energy from incoming particle weapons can keep a plasma shield warm.
 * Heisenberg compensator - Open timelike curves - violations of certain aspects between entangled states and uncertainty.

Quantum field theories
Frameworks for a unified theory beyond the standard model. Some theories which are not really quantum gravity may be added for convenience.
 * Plancktechnology and quantum gravity - Heisenberg uncertainty Principle - Plancktechnology concerns units of length, mass, energy etc. at or nearing the Planckscale.  Maybe be related to hyperspatial technology if the existence of small extra dimensions exist, and metric engineering of the vacuum.  Altering physical constants may occur near planck-energy.
 * Morris-Thorne-Kuhfittig metric - Hyperspatial wormholes from quantum foam.
 * Superstring theory, Kaluza-Klein theory, String Landscape (Compactified Extra dimensions) - Hyperdrive technology (transphasic devices and subspace sensors in Star Trek); Kaluza-Klein towers (Hypermatter in the SporeWikiverse or Star Wars, tetryon weapons from Star Trek, The Grid, Culture novels); metric engineering (implosion bomb, planckmachines e.g. Discontinuity Barrier in Orions Arm, Basement universes, false vacuum weapons).
 * Braneworlds - M-theory and Large Extra Dimension/s, Randall-Sundrum model - Interdiction fields/subspace weapons/graviton spheres (subspace weapon for constraining FTL); vacuum energy weapons (quantum torpedoes and quantum field focus controllers, Star Trek).  The Randall-Sundrum model could allow for quantum tunneling via open strings coupled between a pair of branes with asymmetric 'warp factors' (only fermions work leaving only FTL communication possible).
 * Tachyon drive - Superstring theory; inflaton in inflationary cosmology*1 - SporeWikiverse tachyon drive heats something up to approaching planck-temperature, creating a warp bubble of expanding spacetime driven by the inflaton which loses energy and accelerates to infinity. *1May not be possible due to the difference between negative pressure in Cosmological Constant models and negative energy.
 * Altering physical constants - Grand Unified Theory and electroweak symmetry breakdown, Dimensional transmutation (transfer of dimensionless numbers to dimensional ones) - High temperature breakdown of symmetries (most Silver Ghost tech), Mass/Higgs field manipulation, improved hypercomputing (e.g. Stephen Baxter story Planck Zero), strange materials (Xeelee Construction material based around breaking the Pauli-Exclusion Principle).
 * High energy photons/Kugelblitz - Decay of hypermatter, black-body radiation of quark-gluon plasma, breakdown of GUT symmetries, Mass Inflation (rotating black holes), Hawking radiation from breakdown of microscopic black holes + parabolic reflector - A focal point of photons which such short wavelength they are approaching planck energy and are almost black holes. Used in the Xeelee Sequence as a tool to trap a quantum-transcended human's worldlines by the Qax.  High energy photons could also be applied to metric engineering.
 * Hawking Radiation - Can be collected using parabolic reflectors from black holes - Power source, black hole drives.
 * Non-phasic shield - A bubble of negative mass producing repulsive gravitons. - Appears in Star Trek (Quantum Focused Bubble), Spore and the SporeWikiverse as a shield that can deflect all mass/energy weaker than the shield's mass. Main problem is that more negative mass is required to counteract the ship's positive mass.
 * GUT's and Supersymmetry
 * Exotic matter 1 (Monopole matter, leptoquarks) - Grand Unified Theory (some predictions), electroweak symmetry breaking - Inertial dampening, superstrong structures, proton decay, picomachines, astroengineering, baryogenesis and matter/antimatter conversion.
 * Exotic matter 2 (Non-topological solitons, topological defects, holeum, possibly dark matter) - GUT & Supersymmetry breaking (some predictions) - Q-balls (stellar and or fusion engineering); cosmic strings (retrocausal time travel, gravitational technology for astroengineering and/or weapons, Closed Timelike Curve computing, power generation); micro-black hole clusters in "quantum chemistry"; if heavy photons exist, they could be used to speed up or slow down black hole rotation.
 * Non-local variables in SUSY - Displacement weapons and drives.
 * Dark energy manipulation - Quintessence theories, Dark Fluid
 * Weapons - Chameleon particles - The Shatter Bomb in Orion's Arm creates a brief localised expansion of dark energy, moving atomic bonds, as they reconfigure, complex structures disintergrate. Main issue is that dark energy cannot be contained into a "bomb", though chameleon particles are coupled with photons so could be more akin to a "Shatterlaser".
 * Dark energy drive - M-theory - Similar principle to the warp drive.
 * Dark energy stars - Superfluid vacuum - The Junction in the SporeWikiverse inhabit these fortress stars which convert incoming energy into dark energy.
 * Imaginary time - Wick Rotation of Quantum Field Theory - Ghost phasing in the SporeWikiverse, DCP ships transverse an extra spacetime coordinate and acts as a spectral shield to the rest of the universe.
 * Inertia negation - ???? - Altering inertia would allow for complex manoeuvres and to negate the effects of shock.
 * ? Unruh effect; dampening inertia would depend on whether the non-zero temperature observed by an accelerating reference frame acts like a constant or not.
 * ? Stochastic electrodynamic drag force; relying on some kind of quantum inequality in an otherwise uniform zero-point field to manipulate local inertia (like a poynting vector).
 * ? Machian shield; deny the quantum vacuum has any inertial effect, and find a way to shield your starship from gravitational fields (e.g. a gravastar or metric shield).
 * ? Warp bubble; Inertia negation may well be provided by the warp bubble, with the vehicle within actually stationary.

Combinations
Combinations of the above fields is everything from cosmology to geophysics.
 * Universality machines
 * Quantum Replicator/Universal Constructor - Heisenberg uncertainty Principle (virtual particles) and or extra dimensions (hypermatter)+Reversing chirality (Antimat production) or high energy gamma radiation + nucleosynthesis and other nuclear reactions. - Universal constructor embodies universality and could build anything. Limited only by knowledge of the user and limited to physical objects.
 * Universal Explainer - Flexible computing medium - A universal computer could simulate all physical environments (and some logically possible). True AI are Universal Explainers (some researchers believe mind is beyond computing however).   Barring any supernatural barriers of knowledge which probably don't exist anyway.  But what about a universal translator?  Mathematics may well be too diverse to be a truly universal language.  But good problem solving probably is universal, so such a translator would be AI.
 * Universal image generator - Capable of rendering all experiences of an outside environment (David Deutsch).
 * Universal experience rendition - Capable of altering conscious experience. Capable of sharing all other individual's experiences.
 * Astroengineering
 * Orbital mechanics (simple gravitational manipulation) - General Relativity (Gravitoelectromagnetic current, movement of mass) - Moving large bodies of mass e.g. skhadov thrusters.
 * Stellar engineering - Fusion manipulation using exotic matter, superconductors and nanotech shells or for more advanced civilisations; "grazer" wormholes/black holes - Stars could be used as power sources, or to create solar-system scale engines (imagine aliens moving their home star from a dangerous neighborhood). The output of a star could be manipulated to make more habitable (reflecting light away using clouds of mirrors of self-replicating nanotech), or perhaps by manipulating fusion itself using exotic matter (a q-ball).  Material could be mined or manufactured from a star.  Such devices could also become devastating weapons.
 * Megascale-engineering - Monopole matter, degenerate matter maybe provide structural strength.
 * Metric engineering - Plancktech (GUT, hypermatter, and/or negative mass) - "Godtech" devices which upon more advanced forms of technology which creates warp bubbles.
 * Metric Shielding - Planck-energy photons - Acts as a sort of one-way mirror for incoming energy. Incoming particle weapons have their wordlines cut.
 * Wormhole bomb - Gravitational collapse by feedback - Both in Orion's Arm and Doctor Who.
 * Implosion weapon - warp bubble collapse - A device in Orion Arm that alters the dimensionality of space briefly.
 * Non-orientable wormholes - Compactified Extra Dimensions, Chirality in particle physics - Matter/Antimatter conversion.
 * Gravastar - General Relativity+Quantum Field Theory without black holes - A type of spacetime shield in Exultant, Stephen Baxter used to counteract FTL forewarning.
 * Basement universe creation - Inflationary cosmology, gravastar (plancktech) - Pocket universes, dimensionally transcendent technology.
 * Tipler Cylinder - Time travel.
 * Kerr metric + black hole cosmology and/or inflationary cosmology; Malament–Hogarth spacetime, Hawking-Hartle theory - Interuniversal travel; hypercomputation; Kerr metrics and the Hawking-Hartle theory also allow time and space to swap roles, possibly creating Time Locks in Doctor Who.
 * Graviton beams - Stress-energy tensor + holeum (laser medium) + resonator/launcher (string theory) - Tractor beams, weapons, tools.
 * Graviton resonator - ''Reflecting gravity is a problem, however spacetime curvature it creates can also direct gravitons. This might eject the holeum however an alternative might be in string theory: closed loop strings (graviton) hits a p-brane, exciting it to emit more gravitons.  Either absorbing/reflecting gravitons from branes or from the p-brane surface of black holes in the holeum, creating a P-brane oscillator.

Application and feasibility
Okay, so if we take such technologies as possible, how quickly or likely will they be made?

Example: Warp drive feasibility
In order for a warp drive to be even theoretically possible, the following configuration is required: A solution in Einstein's Field Equations (or modification e.g. Brans-Dicke) that allows for negative mass. Or an alternative: Gauss-Bonet modification. SporeWikiverse seems to also require a GUT & SUSY compatible with String theory or Kaluza-Klein theory.

But to be instantiated, what is negative energy, how is it manipulated? Quantum inequalities in spacetime must be contained.

Some interpretations suggest it would take as much as the mass-energy of the universe to power a warp drive to cross the Milky Way. If this is true, the warp drive becomes unfeasible unless there is an undiscovered solution. However, physicist Serguei Krasnikov has reduced the amount to a few milligrams using a new metric.

But how much time and energy is needed to produce or contain a few milligrams? A planck mass is one 2x10-5 of a gram, while a milligram is an 1000th of a gram. While this is a big number, I am optimistic, because the more energy is supplied into the system, the more negative energy might be available. Better still physicist Harold White has suggested reducing a warp bubble to a doughnut drastically reduces the mass required.

So for a warp drive, the following physics is required: General Relativity solution for negative mass (quantum irregularity)+ Van den Broeck metric.

What I need is a calculation of the energy requirements for 1 milligram of negative mass, along with the appropriate power source. Obviously I would think that the power source to make negative mass needs to be a power source that is available before negative mass is even generated.
 * Antimatter - How much antimatter would be required?
 * Harnessing stellar energy - Same as above.
 * Making a prediction on the earliest level FTL could be achieved if all production was based on development, ignoring economic constrains.

It would seem a warp drive it at least limited to a Type II civilisation on the kardashev scale. If this is the only way to make a warp drive, any civilisation which develops it must be a Type II civilisation. They may or may not be interstellar. We do not need to travel to the stars first through difficult sublight, we might be able to harness our own Sun. Under current concept, a huge laser-powered particle accelerator (or a giant superconductor) powered by the Sun might be all that is needed. A laser would reduce the materials required thus cut the cost of resources.

UFO technology
This is another section for my personal enjoyment. I do however, keep an open mind about the UFO phenomenon, but I wouldn't consider myself a believer of the alien hypothesis.

Regarding this subpage is about technology, these 'sky beasts' are thought of as technological, which only leaves a few viable hypotheses, that they are: genuine alien spacecraft; 'runaway' self-replicating probes (this is my idea), which have possibly evolved (after setting off millions or perhaps billions of years ago), becoming biological 'sky beasts'; or they are crypoterrestrial. This would suggest that either UFO's are modern secret technology (which seems in fact the most unlikely, given the abilities appear to defy currently testable physics), or technology reverse-engineered from an ancient precursor civilisation (vimanas have been interpreted by some as like modern UFO reports).

Other non-technological theories involve geo-electromagnetic phenomena, hoax/misindentification, spiritual or psychosocial mass hallucination explanations, or something beyond comprehension. However none of these explanations alone account for all UFO reports which are often conflicting, some are a mystery and that is undeniable. It is psuedoskepticsm to disregard them as mysteries, but blind belief to blame it all on aliens. The 'sky beasts' I'm afraid to exist, but what they truly are (and probably many things account for them), will not be found by blunt belief, or blunt doubt.

It would be best to list features that commonly appear across cases of UFO encounters. Unlike with fictional universes with rubber science, it is harder to compare theoretical physics to the UFO phenomenon. Some alleged abilities will support or disprove certain explanations.
 * Morphing/Shape-shifting - One distinctive feature in many UFO cases is the ability to change shape and even size. Some UFO's do not even appear solid, although this does not mean they are changing shape when it could be visual trickery.
 * Propulsion technology
 * Inertia negation - UFO's commonly accelerate/decelerate at tremendous velocities and can "buzz" aircraft as if G forces do not exist.
 * Geometric shapes - Aside from a few reports, most UFO's are spheroid, cylindrical or wedge shaped. They seem to ignore aerodynamics or at least have enough energy to ignore it.
 * Travelling through different media - Oceans, Atmosphere, Space.
 * Effects on surroundings - These effects may not be deliberate, suggesting UFO's are non-intelligent (e.g. space creature), or at least doesn't value disruption.
 * Radar bogie - UFO's either seem to ignore radar or cloak.
 * Technology jamming/electrical disruption - There are alleged cases in the Cold War of UFO's jamming missile bases and intercepting aircraft. Many abductee cases report vehicles stopping.  Unlike a modern EMP weapon, the technology often works again after the UFO stops influencing it.
 * Heat damage and radiation burns
 * Indentations - Suggest that at least when UFO's land, they are solid.
 * Altered states of consciousness - Missing time, paralysis, hallucinations (is abduction a hallucination induced by neurological disruption?). Could missing time relate more physically to the UFO's propulsion?

Interesting, but isolated cases.
 * UFO propulsion
 * Materialisation - Rarely observed being in two places at once, vanishing and re-appearing.
 * But are some UFO's fragile? - There are alleged cases of military encounters with UFO's that disintegrate when fired upon, although this does not mean they were destroyed.
 * Pseudodisintegration - The Voronezh case tells of young person who vanished (re-appearing later) after being shot by a larger version of the Pen device.
 * Bigger on the inside - Small UFO's with lots of occupants are sometimes reported. The occupants could however be analogous to holograms or hallucinations induced by the UFO.
 * Defense Shield - Footage and eye-witness accounts of the "Battle of Los Angeles" show anti-aircraft weapons bouncing and exploding around the unidentified object as if the weapons were not touching.

Abduction/contact cases. This is separate because alien hypothesis =/= UFO phenomenon, and also because psychosocial explanations often debunk these cases.
 * The pen - A pencil-sized device capable of stunning a human in one to two shots.
 * Suction device - Often placed on the chest.
 * Invisible walls and fake environments - Technological or hallucinations induced by the technology?
 * Faster Than Light travel - A few abductees report being taken to local stars, or shown star maps such as Zeta Reticuli or Sirius.
 * Robots and Synthetic humans - Some UFO's also seem unmanned.
 * Advanced medical effects - Some abductees report illnesses such as cancers cured by the entities who abducted them. This is the opposite of reports that radiation sickness and cancer has been induced by a UFO.
 * Transporters - Certain Nordic races are said to come and go as beams of light.

As one can see, there is a wide-range of UFO reports, many of them suggest a tangle of different explanations. For example, there are cases where abductees/observers are harmed by the UFO, and cases where their illnesses are cured. One can interpret two things from this: That there is more than one species of visitors, or that cases where people are harmed are caused by mistakes with human technology, which is what the Cash-Landrum incident suggests, a UFO that caused burns and sickness to all three witnesses (and later was attributed to cancer) that was being escorted by military helicopters.